ModPodge is just a permanent white glue that's been thinned down with water so it will dry very clear (you can do the same thing yourself with any "permanent white glue" including cheapies like Elmer's GlueAll). Permanent white glues are totally "safe" too.
If ModPodge has a different kind of "acrylic" sealer, it's probably just a stronger version of thinned permanent white glue or it's a polyurethane. All of those are "safe" (though I wouldn't drink quarts of them).
Most clear-drying water-based sealers will dry to the touch pretty quickly but won't achieve maximum curing and hardness for a week or so (dry, warm, even windy conditions will speed that up).
Two days should be plenty.
However, some "sealers" (finishes) won't be quite as "hard" and resistant to later scratching and clouding from humidity as others. For example, clear polyurethanes from the hardware store intended for use on bare wood, will be harder (gloss, semi-gloss, etc), and the water-based ones ("indoor") are quite safe too.
More info on various kinds of sealers/finishes in my answers here if you're interested:
https://answersrip.com/question/index?qid=20100621051506AA53JtD
http://glassattic.com/polymer/finishes.htm
.